Film-Video+Effects

Film/Video Effects - **Time Effects/Simulation of Variable Speeds**

 * Time Lapse:**
 * A technique that photographs a naturally slow process, such as plant growth, on movie film at intervals, so that continuous projection of the frames gives an sped up view of the process.
 * When replayed at normal speed, time seems to be moving faster (lapsing)



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 * First use of time-lapse in a feature film called Carrefour De L'Opera by George Melies in 1897.
 * Usually, film is projected at 24 frames per second. Normally, the camera is also set to record 24 frames per second.
 * If the camera is set at a slower speed, there will still be 24 frames being projected per second.

When shown on the projector, only 10 frames are shown per second. However, if it was on the camera, 20 frames are seen per second. media type="youtube" key="KlQwNBROFyY" height="315" width="560" Tempus II by Philip Heron and James Adair
 * Slow Motion:**
 * A film-making effect where time seems to be slowed down.
 * Invented by August Musger, an Austrian priest.
 * Usually, slow motion is achieved through overcranking (the concept of cranking a handcranked camera at a faster rate). When it is replayed at normal speed, time appears to be moving a lot slowly.
 * Second type of slow motion is achieved during post-production. This second type of slow motion is called, //time stretching.//
 * Slow motion is made by inserting frames between frames that are actually photographed. The new frames between the actually photographed frames are fabricated.
 * Slow motion is widely used in action-based films, such as //The Matrix//.
 * Slow motion within action films are often used to create a dramatic effect.
 * This effect is also used in broadcasting, most often in sports.
 * Slow motion reviews in sports are usually made with video servers (computer based device dedicated with delivering video) and special controllers.

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 * Time Freeze**
 * This effect makes it look like the world is frozen around a person.
 * Uses masks to create illusion.

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 * Bullet Time**
 * Term came from Warner Bros., distributor of //The Matrix.//
 * Bullet time is an effect where time is slowed to show unfilmable events, such as flying bullets.
 * Effect is usually done by using sets of still cameras around the object. The cameras surround the object and are "fired" all at once. Frames from each camera are arranged and placed side by side to produce a all around view.
 * It can be said that bullet time was created before cinema came to be.
 * Eadweard Muybridge placed still cameras along the track to take photos of a horse galloping.

**Camera Angles**

 * **Eye Level** - self explanatory
 * **High Angle** -
 * **Worm's Eye View** - looking up from below
 * **Low Angle -** looking up from below the eye line, but not on the floor. Makes things look bigger.
 * **Bird's Eye -** view from above. Makes things look smaller.
 * **Slanted -** tilted
 * **Over-the-Shoulder**
 * **Point of View** - seeing world from a person's point of view

**Shot Lengths**

 * **Extreme Long Shot** - panoramic landscapes, landscapes, extremely wide shots.
 * **Long Shot** - whole body
 * **Medium Shot** - half body
 * **Close-Up** - shows detail, head-shot
 * **Extreme Close-Up** - shows specific detail of an object

**Types of Lighting**

 * **Side Lighting**
 * **Back Lighting**
 * **Rim Lighting**
 * **Ambient Light**
 * **Soft or Diffuse Light**
 * **Hard Light**
 * **Spotlight**
 * **Artificial Lighting**


 * Sources:**
 * 1) 200 Things That Rocked Our World: Bullet Time". //[|Empire]// ([|EMAP]) (200): 136. February 2006.
 * 2) Time Lapse Page
 * 3) TIme Lapse
 * 4) Time Lapse FAQ
 * 5) Slow Motion - Wikipedia
 * 6) [|Bullet Time]
 * 7) Jack Cabbage